Research in Therapeutic Sciences
type: channel
description: Research in Therapeutic Sciences (ISSN: 3067-4581) is an open access, peer-reviewed journal in rehabilitation and therapeutic sciences. The journal aims to publish interdisciplinary research assessing various modes of treatment, therapy, and rehabilitative sciences such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, and other forms of medicinal and holistic approaches to physical, mental, and social therapies.
publisher: Pinnacle Science
language: en
publication name: Research in Therapeutic Sciences
issn: 3067-4581
copyright: Copyright, 2026 by the authors. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
items: Plyometrics in Rehabilitation: Need to Do, Not “Nice to Do”
items: Perceptions of Body Composition Measurement Instruments: A Pilot Study
items: Daily Stair Climbing as a Functional Tool in Prehabilitation for Older Adults
items: GLP-1 Use in Active Populations and Potential Effects on Glycogen Availability, Appetite, and Training Outcomes
items: Effectiveness of Substance Use Interventions for Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
items: Comparing the Immediate and Sustained Effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on Ankle Dorsiflexion
items: Metabolic Considerations for Common Musculoskeletal Conditions
items: Yoga Nidra as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Improving Mood
items: The Effects of Augmented Reality as a Therapeutic Tool on People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Brief Review
items: Comparative Sustained Effects of Stretching and Dry Needling on Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion
items: Blood Flow Restriction, Tendon Hypertrophy, and Strength Gain in the Biceps Brachii
items: Benefits of Training on the SHREDmill, a Non-motorized Resistance Treadmill
items: The Effects of a Novel Taurine-L-Malic Acid Complex on Indices of Recovery after an Exercise Protocol Inducing Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
items: Utilizing the Biopsychosocial Approach for Understanding and Treating Pain
items: The Potential for Computerized Eye Tracking Technology to Improve Bilateral Stimulation Methodology and Assessment
items: The The Effectiveness of Parental Education Programs within Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review
items: Occupational Therapy Services for Transition-Age Youth with Moderate to Severe Disabilities: A Scoping Review
items: Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as a Therapy Measurement Strategy: The Example of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
items: Soft Tissue Mobilization Improves Neck and Upper Back Range of Motion
items: Promoting Strength-Based Rehabilitation Programs for Optimal Pain and Injury Management and Recovery: A Professional Perspective

Plyometrics in Rehabilitation: Need to Do, Not “Nice to Do”
type: item
description: Traditional rehabilitation emphasizes restoring range of motion, isolated strength, and basic functional tasks, yet these approaches do not fully address the mechanisms driving functional decline with aging. Sarcopenia reflects neurological deterioration as much as muscle loss, with motor unit remodeling, impaired neuromuscular transmission, and selective fast-twitch fiber atrophy reducing the ability to generate force rapidly, a critical determinant of balance recovery and fall prevention. Rehabilitation focused solely on slow strength development therefore overlooks a primary contributor to loss of independence. Plyometric training provides a targeted stimulus for rapid motor unit recruitment, neural drive, coordination, and high-velocity force production, while also promoting favorable adaptations in bone density, body composition, and metabolic health. Because daily movements inherently require rapid force expression, integrating appropriately scaled plyometric exposure into rehabilitation may be essential for preserving functional independence across the lifespan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Jumps
  topic: keywords
subject: Type II Fibers
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle
  topic: keywords
subject: Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Patients
  topic: subjects
subject: Adults
  topic: subjects
creator: Katie Dabrowski
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Katie Dabrowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
doi: 10.53520/rts2026.105196

Perceptions of Body Composition Measurement Instruments: A Pilot Study
type: item
description: Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore collegiate student-athletes’ perceptions of undergoing three common body composition assessments: bioelectrical impedance (BIA; Tanita), digital anthropometry (DA; Fit3D), and hydrostatic weighing (HW). Methods: Twenty male (n=8) and female (n=12) NCAA Division I collegiate athletes (age: 19.6 ± 1.6 yrs.) underwent three body composition assessments in the following order: BIA, followed by DA, and HW. Following the three body composition assessments, participants completed questionnaires regarding their demographic and perceptions towards the various body composition assessments. Data was analyzed for themes using a phenomenological qualitative design. Results: Ten (50%) of the participants selected the BIA as their preferred method while 8 (40%) chose HW. Only 2 (10%) participants selected DA. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data analysis. Theme 1 - Ease of use and timely measurements; Theme 2 - Accuracy is important; Theme 3 - Body composition instruments are fun to use; Theme 4 - Sense of curiosity and novelty. Participants reported a positive experience undergoing these three body composition assessments. Conclusions: The emergent themes revealed participants are genuinely concerned with their data/scores while placing importance on accuracy and ease of use. Study results show the importance of considering participant experiences in body composition measurement protocols.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: body analysis, fat-free measurement, qualitative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: body analysis, fat-free measurement, qualitative analysis
  topic: subjects
creator: Shelley Holden
creator: Brooke Forester
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shelley L. Holden, Brooke E. Forester https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
doi: 10.53520/rts2026.105189

Daily Stair Climbing as a Functional Tool in Prehabilitation for Older Adults
type: item
description: Introduction: This study examined whether daily stair climbing is associated with lower-limb endurance and physical independence in older adults, evaluating its potential as a practical screening measure. Methods: Fifty community-dwelling older adults (mean age 75 years; 88% female) completed timed chair-stand tests at two seat heights (TCS14, TCS17) and reported daily individual stair steps (STAIRS). Physical independence was assessed using a modified SF-36 Physical Functioning Scale (MSF36). Associations were analyzed using correlations, age-adjusted regression models, and one-way ANOVA across distribution-based stair-use cohorts (0-1 stair, n = 16; 2-10 stairs, n = 16; 11+ stairs, n = 18). Results: STAIRS was associated with TCS14 performance (p = .02) and MSF36 (p = .04) but not with TCS17. Participants reporting ≥2 daily stair steps demonstrated higher chair-stand performance across both protocols (TCS14: F(2,47) = 5.867, p < .001; TCS17: F(2,47) = 6.360, p < .001). Age accounted for 28-29% of TCS variance; inclusion of STAIRS and MSF36 increased explained variance by 12-22%. Conclusions: The 14-inch protocol demonstrated greater discriminatory ability and may enhance sensitivity for identifying functional differences in higher-functioning older adults. Greater daily stair-step volume was associated with higher chair-stand performance among older adults. Given the cross-sectional design, causality cannot be inferred.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: timed chair stand
  topic: keywords
subject: knee extensor endurance
  topic: keywords
subject: functional mobility
  topic: keywords
subject: Older adults
  topic: subjects
creator: Alicia Bryan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alicia Bryan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
doi: 10.53520/rts2026.105187

GLP-1 Use in Active Populations and Potential Effects on Glycogen Availability, Appetite, and Training Outcomes
type: item
description: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have gained widespread clinical use for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity due to their effects on glycemic control, appetite suppression, and weight loss. These agents prolong the short half-life of endogenous GLP-1, resulting in enhanced insulin secretion, reduced glucagon release, delayed gastric emptying, and altered central appetite regulation. While the metabolic and therapeutic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists are well established in clinical populations, their implications for athletic performance and recovery remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists may influence energy intake, substrate availability, and hormonal signaling related to satiety, raising concerns regarding adequate caloric and carbohydrate consumption in physically active individuals. Reduced carbohydrate intake may limit muscle glycogen availability, potentially impairing training quality, recovery, and overall performance. Comparisons with other substances known to alter metabolism in athletes, such as caffeine, clenbuterol, and thyroid hormones, highlight key differences in mechanisms and potential risks. Additionally, the growing off-label use of GLP-1 receptor agonists has introduced ethical, regulatory, and access-related challenges, particularly following their inclusion in the World Anti-Doping Agency monitoring program. Given the limited data available in athletic populations, further research is needed to evaluate the safety, metabolic consequences, and performance-related effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist use in high-performing individuals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Energy Availability
  topic: keywords
subject: Athletic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Glycogen Metabolism
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Availability
  topic: subjects
subject: Athletic Performance
  topic: subjects
subject: Glycogen Metabolism
  topic: subjects
creator: Isabel Seibert
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Isabel Seibert https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
doi: 10.53520/rts2026.105184

Effectiveness of Substance Use Interventions for Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
type: item
description: Introduction: Substance use is a significant public health concern that is particularly prevalent among individuals experiencing homelessness. This literature review examines the effectiveness of various substance use interventions targeting this population. Methods: A comprehensive search of academic databases was conducted to identify U.S.-based studies, published between 2020 and 2025, that examined substance use interventions among individuals experiencing homelessness. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies were screened for relevance and quality. The final selection encompassed a range of study designs (e.g., randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and qualitative research) and diverse intervention strategies (e.g., supportive housing models, harm reduction approaches, and pharmacological treatments). Results: To address the variability of outcomes measured, coding was used to identify commonalities. Three outcome themes were identified: (1) frequency and amount of alcohol and drug use, (2) treatment retention and program adherence, and (3) self-efficacy and participant perceptions. The results demonstrated short-term reductions in substance use and improvements in participant engagement and psychological well-being. However, long-term outcomes were less consistent with reports of high relapse rates, poor treatment retention, and limited program adherence. Conclusions: Given the mixed and inconsistent findings across studies, there is a critical need to explore alternative approaches to treat substance use among homeless individuals. Occupational therapy (OT) is a promising yet underutilized profession in addressing substance use through holistic, meaningful, occupation-based interventions. To develop effective interventions that support sustained recovery, future research should prioritize longitudinal studies that incorporate objective and subjective measures to fully capture the lived experiences of homeless individuals who use subst…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: occupational therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: substance use disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: substance use
  topic: keywords
subject: occupational therapy
  topic: subjects
subject: substance use
  topic: subjects
subject: homeless population
  topic: subjects
subject: therapeutic interventions
  topic: subjects
creator: Kristy Breitbach
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kristy Breitbach https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-16
publication date: 2026-01-16
doi: 10.53520/rts2026.105162

Comparing the Immediate and Sustained Effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on Ankle Dorsiflexion
type: item
description: Introduction: Ankle dorsiflexion plays a crucial role in maintaining proper biomechanics and preventing overuse injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) compared to static stretching in improving ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) during weight-bearing activities, and to assess whether these effects persist over time. Methods: A total of 30 participants reporting restricted dorsiflexion were divided into two groups: 14 participants underwent IASTM treatment, and 16 performed static stretching exercises. Dorsiflexion was assessed using the half kneeling ankle dorsiflexion range of motion test at six-time intervals, including pre-intervention and post-intervention at 15-minute intervals up to 60 minutes. The IASTM group received a 5-minute treatment targeting the triceps surae using the HG8 instrument, while the stretching group completed static stretches on a 45-degree slant board. Results: Statistical analysis using repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences between the two intervention groups in terms of dorsiflexion improvement over time. However, significant improvements were noted within the stretching group when comparing pre- and post-intervention measurements, though no lasting effects were observed at subsequent time intervals. The control leg showed no significant changes for either group. Conclusions: In conclusion, while both static stretching and IASTM provide marginal improvements in ankle dorsiflexion, neither intervention demonstrated statistically significant superiority. Further research with more comprehensive protocols is needed to determine long-term efficacy in clinical populations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Graston Technique
  topic: keywords
subject: range of motion
  topic: keywords
subject: injury prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: IASTM
  topic: subjects
subject: Range of Motion
  topic: subjects
subject: Dorsiflexion
  topic: subjects
subject: Static Stretching
  topic: subjects
creator: Jeffrey Doeringer
creator: E. Joanna Soles
creator: Luis Valdes
creator: Christina Deltoro
creator: Philip Van Dyke
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jeffrey Doeringer, E. Joanna Soles, Luis Valdes, Christina Deltoro, Philip Van Dyke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-10
publication date: 2025-09-10
doi: 10.53520/rts2025.105155

Metabolic Considerations for Common Musculoskeletal Conditions
type: item
description: Musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and tendinopathies are common reasons individuals seek physical therapy. Traditional rehabilitation approaches often focus solely on the affected joint or tissue, relying heavily on passive modalities like massage and ultrasound for symptom relief. However, these methods often overlook the broader impact of metabolic health on tissue quality and function. Conditions like obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome share inflammatory pathways and tissue degradation processes with musculoskeletal disorders, including muscle loss and fatty infiltration. Effective rehabilitation should shift from passive care to promoting general health improvements by increasing lean muscle mass and enhancing aerobic capacity. Addressing metabolic health alongside targeted rehabilitation may improve tissue quality and long-term outcomes for these populations. This integrated approach can potentially reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions and enhance recovery by targeting underlying metabolic dysfunctions rather than merely alleviating localized pain symptoms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: musculoskeletal disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: metabolic health
  topic: keywords
subject: rehabilitation strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: patients
  topic: subjects
subject: adults
  topic: subjects
subject: disease
  topic: subjects
creator: Katie Dabrowski
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Katie Dabrowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
doi: 10.53520/rts2025.105148

Yoga Nidra as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Improving Mood
type: item
description: Introduction: Yoga Nidra has gained recognition as an effective intervention for stress and anxiety. This study investigated the therapeutic (psychological and physiological) effects of Yoga Nidra, focusing on its impact on mood and engagement. Methods: Twenty-one participants (N=21, 6 males) underwent a 30-minute Yoga Nidra session while wearing EEG headbands and wristbands to monitor brainwave activity, heart rate variability, and electrodermal activity. Mood changes were assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Results: The results revealed that engagement during the practice, characterized by increased alpha and high beta brainwave activity, was associated with improved mood, including heightened vigor, reduced confusion, and reduced fatigue. Conversely, deeper sleep stages, indicated by theta and delta activity, correlated with poorer mood outcomes, such as increased tension and confusion. Additionally, longer sleep durations during the session were inversely related to alpha wave power and positively related to high beta wave power, highlighting the nuanced interplay between relaxation and engagement. Conclusions: Combined, these findings suggest that Yoga Nidra's psychological benefits are optimized through active participation rather than transitioning into sleep states. The study underscores Yoga Nidra's potential as a non-pharmacological therapeutic intervention for improving short-term mood states.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: EEG
  topic: keywords
subject: Yoga Nidra
  topic: keywords
subject: Mood
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep
  topic: keywords
subject: Adults
  topic: subjects
subject: Males
  topic: subjects
subject: Females
  topic: subjects
creator: Jaime Tartar
creator: Bharath Kumar Reddy Burri
creator: Shravya Konatam
creator: Janel Norton
creator: Annie Okerlin
creator: Ariana Intsiful
creator: Jonathan Banks
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jaime Tartar, Bharath Kumar Reddy Burri, Shravya Konatam, Janel Norton, Annie Okerlin, Ariana Intsiful, Jonathan Banks https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-28
publication date: 2025-01-28
doi: 10.53520/rts2025.105138

The Effects of Augmented Reality as a Therapeutic Tool on People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Brief Review
type: item
description: The narrative review investigates the effects of augmented reality on the rehabilitation of people with Parkinson’s Disease. Augmented reality technology can overlay digital information in a natural environment allowing a clinician to integrate therapeutic games and tasks using visual information. Nine pertinent articles explore the impact of augmented reality as a therapeutic tool to improve gait function, freezing of gait, postural control, executive function, balance, and fall-risk outcomes. The findings support the use of augmented reality in the rehabilitation of people with Parkinson’s Disease as it may improve Mini-BESTest scores, gait speed, and dual-task training in this population. However, the limited knowledge regarding the feasibility and therapeutic effect emphasizes the need for further research on this topic. The current literature requires additional high-level evidence, such as randomized control trials and increased sample size. This will help determine whether augmented reality holds promise as a primary therapy or an adjunct to therapy in people with Parkinson’s disease.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parkinson's Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Augmented Reality
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Therapy
  topic: subjects
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: subjects
subject: Therapeutic Interventions
  topic: subjects
creator: Michael Tautonico
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Michael Tautonico https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-29
publication date: 2025-01-29
doi: 10.53520/rts2025.105134

Comparative Sustained Effects of Stretching and Dry Needling on Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion
type: item
description: Introduction: This study compared the effects of static stretching and trigger point dry needling on weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) in individuals with limited dorsiflexion and determined whether changes in ROM persisted up to 60 minutes post-treatment. Methods: Thirty participants underwent one of two separate treatment sessions: static stretching of the triceps surae or dry needling of the same muscles. Weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion ROM was measured pre-treatment, immediately post-treatment, and 60 minutes post-treatment. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess ROM changes over time for each intervention. Results: Static stretching resulted in significant improvements in ankle dorsiflexion ROM both immediately and 60 minutes post-treatment (p < 0.05). In contrast, dry needling of the triceps surae showed no significant change in ROM at any time point (p > 0.05). There was no interaction between treatment type and time on dorsiflexion ROM. Conclusions: Static stretching of the triceps surae leads to short-term improvements in ankle dorsiflexion ROM, which may reduce compensatory movement patterns during physical activity. However, dry needling of the triceps surae does not appear to affect dorsiflexion ROM in individuals with limited range of motion.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Static Streching
  topic: keywords
subject: Dry needling
  topic: keywords
subject: ankle mobility
  topic: keywords
subject: Therapeutic Interventions
  topic: subjects
subject: Trigger Points
  topic: subjects
subject: Dry needling
  topic: subjects
subject: Stretching
  topic: subjects
subject: Dorsiflexion
  topic: subjects
subject: Gastrocnemius
  topic: subjects
creator: Jeffrey Doeringer
creator: Philip Van Dyke
creator: Christina Deltoro
creator: Luis Valdes
creator: E. Joanna Soles
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jeffrey Doeringer, Philip Van Dyke, Christina Deltoro, Luis Valdes, E. Joanna Soles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-03
publication date: 2025-01-03
doi: 10.53520/rts2025.105130

Blood Flow Restriction, Tendon Hypertrophy, and Strength Gain in the Biceps Brachii
type: item
description: Introduction: Blood flow restriction (BFR) can improve muscular strength under lower loads versus traditional resistance training. Little research has been completed on the upper extremity and almost no targeted research on BFR and the tendon. Therefore, we aim to investigate the effects of BFR on the biceps brachii muscle and tendon compared to traditional resistance training. Methods: Randomized controlled trial of healthy participants over seven weeks of completing bicep curls. Participants were randomly allocated to the BFR or control group (C). Ultrasound measurement of the tendon occurred at baseline, midpoint, and completion of study, while adjusted one repetition maximum (Adj1RM) was examined at baseline and post intervention. Results: Forty-two participants (18 BFR; 24 control) completed the protocol. The Adj1RM showed no difference between the BFR and Control groups (p = 0.56), however, a significant effect of exercise was found with participants lifting more post-intervention compared to baseline (23.5 ± 1.3 vs. 28.9 ±1.2 respectively; p < 0.00). Similarly, ultrasound measurements did not vary by the group (p = 0.82). However, a difference in intervention was found for all participants (p < 0.00) with pairwise comparisons revealing increased tendon size at each point (8.3 ± 0.3 vs. 8.9 ± 0.3 vs. 9.8 ± 0.3 respectively) Conclusion: Low-load BFR can induce similar effects of tendon hypertrophy and strength gains as a high-load exercise program.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: upper extremtiy
  topic: keywords
subject: ultrasound
  topic: keywords
subject: BFR
  topic: keywords
subject: blood flow restriction
  topic: subjects
subject: tendon hypertrophy
  topic: subjects
subject: strength
  topic: subjects
subject: ultrasound measurement
  topic: subjects
creator: Tonya Parker
creator: Samuel Corbin
creator: Matthew Feeback
creator: Bailey Wilks
creator: Andrew Lowe
creator: Noelle Kaminski
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Tonya M. Parker, Samuel Corbin, Dr. Matthew Feeback, Bailey Wilks, Andrew Lowe, Noelle Kaminski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-06
publication date: 2025-01-06
doi: 10.53520/rts2025.105128

Benefits of Training on the SHREDmill, a Non-motorized Resistance Treadmill
type: item
description: The SHREDmill, a non-motorized, non-curved resistance treadmill, offers significant benefits for sports training, particularly in activities requiring high speed and agility, such as football. Its design promotes natural running mechanics, crucial for performance enhancement and injury prevention. Customizable incline and resistance settings allow for tailored training to simulate specific athletic movements, enhancing both safety and effectiveness. Advanced software provides real-time feedback on performance metrics, enabling immediate adjustments and continuous improvement. The SHREDmill’s compact design supports high-intensity sprint training in confined spaces, making it ideal for gyms and training facilities. Athletes, such as football players benefit from the SHREDmill’s ability to replicate short sprints and explosive power, essential to their training regimen.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Football, Speed, Sprinting
  topic: keywords
creator: Corey Peacock
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Corey A. Peacock https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-11
publication date: 2024-06-11
doi: 10.53520/rdts2024.105124

The Effects of a Novel Taurine-L-Malic Acid Complex on Indices of Recovery after an Exercise Protocol Inducing Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
type: item
description: Introduction: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a novel dietary supplement (Maltor™) on indices of muscle recovery after a delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) protocol. Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, subjects consumed the treatment (i.e., 5 g. Maltor™ – a complex of taurine and L-malic acid in an approximately 2:1 ratio) and placebo (i.e.,1 g of sodium citrate and 4 g of maltodextrin) daily over 14 days. Subjects were instructed to consume the treatment or placebo for 14 days. After 14 days of consumption, subjects performed a DOMS protocol based on their 1-RM. Inflammatory markers, arm circumference, strength, subjective and objective measures of pain were assessed 24hr, 48hr and 72hrs after DOMS protocol. Results: A statistically significant difference was found for the assessment of pain threshold via the pressure algometer (p=0.5). Subjects in the treatment group exhibited a higher pain threshold two days post-DOMS (i.e., delta score data). We found no significant differences between groups for arm circumference, 1-RM (p=0.66), pain assessed by VAS (0.94), or arm circumference (p=0.91) between the groups. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between groups for Interleukin-6 (p=0.85) and C-reactive protein (p=0.48), key markers of inflammation. Conclusions: Based on this preliminary investigation, two weeks of consuming taurine-L-malic acid complex may diminish delayed-onset muscle soreness in exercise-trained males as assessed by an algometer (i.e., assessment of pain threshold).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pain
  topic: keywords
subject: amino acids
  topic: keywords
subject: supplements
  topic: keywords
subject: DOMS
  topic: subjects
subject: supplements
  topic: subjects
creator: Cassandra Evans
creator: Jason Curtis
creator: Flavia Pereira
creator: Jose Rojas
creator: Maria Berrocales
creator: Kristiina Kinnunen
creator: Kendall Andries
creator: Leilani Batista
creator: Robert Rocanelli
creator: Juan Carlos Santana
creator: Lia Jiannine
creator: Jaime Tartar
creator: Jose Antonio
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Cassandra Evans, Jason Curtis, Flavia Pereira, Jose Rojas, Maria Berrocales, Kristiina Kinnunen, Kendall Andries, Leilani Batista, Robert Rocanelli, Juan Carlos Santana, Lia Jiannine, Jaime Tartar, Jose Antonio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-04
publication date: 2024-06-04
doi: 10.53520/rdts2024.105119

Utilizing the Biopsychosocial Approach for Understanding and Treating Pain
type: item
description: The biomedical model's narrow focus on structural causes is inadequate for chronic pain, which involves complex, multifactorial issues beyond tissue damage. Chronic pain affects nearly 21% of U.S. adults, underscoring the urgent need for a deeper understanding of pain among rehabilitation clinicians. The biopsychosocial (BPS) model broadens this perspective by considering psychological and social factors, such as emotional distress and lifestyle impacts, alongside physical aspects. Despite the effectiveness of combining exercise with BPS education in treating chronic pain, current educational and clinical practices have yet to fully embrace this comprehensive approach. Future research should prioritize incorporating BPS principles into healthcare education and clinical guidelines to improve treatment outcomes and address the significant effects of chronic pain on individuals' quality of life, healthcare engagement, and daily activities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Fitness
  topic: keywords
subject: Strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Patients
  topic: subjects
subject: adults
  topic: subjects
creator: Katie Dabrowski
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Katie Dabrowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-02-02
publication date: 2024-02-02
doi: 10.53520/rdts2024.105113

The Potential for Computerized Eye Tracking Technology to Improve Bilateral Stimulation Methodology and Assessment
type: item
description: Bilateral stimulation is also called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and is a psychotherapeutic technique for treating PTSD and other mental health issues. Trauma affects brain activity, and EMDR may help rewire that activity through use of bilateral stimulation (BLS) during memory processing. BLS typically involves eye movements; tracking a stimulus back and forth. However, the effectiveness of EMDR is debated due to limited research on its neurological mechanisms and methodological inconsistencies in the literature. Inconsistencies include lack of concrete methodology and inconclusive meta-analyses. The traditional EMDR eight-phase protocol involves history, assessment, desensitization, and more. A major appeal of EMDR for clients includes the low requirement for verbalizing traumatic memories in session, but effectiveness assessment relies on self-report. Eye tracking technology could address the standardization issues with EMDR while also enhancing protocols and research. Standardized EMDR, online or in-person, could improve outcomes and expand its applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Neurological mechanisms
  topic: keywords
subject: standardization
  topic: keywords
subject: EMDR
  topic: keywords
subject: EMDR
  topic: subjects
subject: standardization
  topic: subjects
subject: mechanisms of action
  topic: subjects
creator: Jennifer Lape Kaiser
creator: Maura Bennett
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Jennifer Lape Kaiser, Maura Bennett https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-23
publication date: 2024-01-23
doi: 10.53520/rdts2024.105108

The The Effectiveness of Parental Education Programs within Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Introduction: Parenthood brings stress and anxiety to new parents due to the dramatic role transition. Parents who have a newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experience an increased level of stress. Increasing parental competencies in complex infant care compounds stress; therefore, finding the most effective method of parental education may improve parental health, well-being, and quality of life. Enhanced knowledge prepares parents to transition home. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of parental education interventions conducted within the NICU. Methods: CINHAL, Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, PubMed, and OT Search databases were searched to locate studies focusing on parental education, provided via healthcare workers, as a main intervention for parents with infants in the NICU. Articles were independently reviewed and selected based on defined inclusion criteria. Results: 20 articles were included and synthesized according to the method of education, parental outcomes, and the provider of education. Conclusions: Parental education is an effective way to facilitate positive parental outcomes. Utilizing combined methods to deliver education with repeated, consistent exposure, and checking for parent understanding is the best approach to minimize negative parental outcomes and improve preparedness for discharge.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: parents
  topic: keywords
subject: confidence
  topic: keywords
subject: satisfaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Carolyn Springer
creator: Barbara Elleman
creator: Olivia Cooper
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Carolyn Springer, Barbara Elleman , Olivia Cooper https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-04-07
publication date: 2023-04-07
doi: 10.53520/rdts2023.10578

Occupational Therapy Services for Transition-Age Youth with Moderate to Severe Disabilities: A Scoping Review
type: item
description: Purpose: This scoping review seeks to identify specific services, assessments, and interventions utilized by school-based occupational therapy (OT) practitioners working with transition-age youth with moderate to severe developmental disabilities. Methods: A search was conducted in CINAHL, Medline, APA PsychINFO, Education Research Complete, and Academic Search Complete databases. Articles were screened for inclusion and relevant data extracted. Included articles were peer reviewed, referred to any inclusion of occupational therapy services in school-based practice, English-language, and focused on individuals 12-30 years old with moderate to severe disabilities. Results: Twenty articles met criteria for inclusion in the review. All articles included occupational therapy services whether providing direct or indirect services. The top two intervention types used were occupation-based interventions and advocacy-based interventions. The top two assessment types used were task-based and transition-based assessments. Occupational therapists most frequently provided direct services for transition-age youth (78.2%). Conclusions: This review provides a guide for occupational therapy practitioners to advocate for occupational therapy’s role in transition services and overcome the barriers identified: lack of understanding of occupational therapy’s role, lack of resources, lack of measurable assessments, and lack of individualized interventions. This review provides an extensive variety of assessments, interventions, and service delivery approaches available and relevant for occupational therapists working with adolescents and young adults with moderate to severe disabilities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: adolescents
  topic: keywords
subject: young adults
  topic: keywords
subject: transitional services
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth
  topic: subjects
subject: Disabilities
  topic: subjects
creator: Olivia Cooper
creator: Carolyn Springer
creator: Barbara Elleman
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Olivia Cooper, Carolyn Springer, Barbara Elleman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-04-24
publication date: 2023-04-24
doi: 10.53520/rdts2023.10565

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as a Therapy Measurement Strategy: The Example of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
type: item
description: Introduction: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may be a psychophysiological measure that can gauge change processes in psychotherapy. RSA is a cardiovascular marker of nervous system functioning and has been proposed as an index of social engagement. Given the emphasis on social relationships in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), RSA may be useful for understanding the process of change in FAP. The current study details the logic of using RSA as a measurement tool and provides data to establish proof of concept. Methods: RSA data were collected from three participants in a multiple baseline experiment which involved a control condition of reading two-person plays and a FAP condition. Sessions were coded using the FAP Rating Scale. RSA was calculated for each session and each client-therapist interaction. Results: RSA higher during FAP sessions (P1Mean = 6.60, P2Mean = 6.41, P3Mean = 6.32) than the control condition (P1Mean = 6.29, P2Mean = 5.79, P3Mean = 5.96). Conclusions: Data are consistent with outcomes that might be anticipated during therapy and suggest RSA could improve as a function of treatment. RSA was able to be isolated for therapeutic moves when coded at the turn-by-turn level. Thus, data suggest RSA’s utility for measuring therapy processes and outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Therapy outcome
  topic: keywords
subject: Biophysiology measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyvagal theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Maitland
creator: Chung Xiann Lim
creator: William H. O'Brien
creator: Jacob A. Lewis
creator: Cambria L. Davis
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Daniel Maitland, Chung Xiann Lim, William H. O'Brien, Jacob A. Lewis, Cambria L. Davis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-01-02
publication date: 2023-01-02
doi: 10.53520/rdts2023.10557

Soft Tissue Mobilization Improves Neck and Upper Back Range of Motion
type: item
description: Introduction: Limited research reveals that the use of different soft tissue mobilization techniques increases tissue mobility and decreases pain in various regions of the body. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference between instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and cupping therapy for neck and upper back discomfort. Methods: Subjects were treated for neck and upper back discomfort using one of two soft tissue mobilization techniques. They were assessed with a numeric rating scale, neck range of motions, and superficial skin temperature before and after each treatment to document changes observed. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in range of motion, superficial skin temperature, and pain numeric rating scale regardless of the treatment (P <.05). Conclusions: Both methods of soft tissue mobilization showed to have a significant impact on pain and neck range of motion. Based on patient-clinician collaborative treatment process, healthcare providers should consider IASTM and cupping therapy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pain Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Injury Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
creator: Jeffrey Doeringer
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Jeffrey Doeringer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-11-11
publication date: 2022-11-11
doi: 10.53520/rdts2022.10548

Promoting Strength-Based Rehabilitation Programs for Optimal Pain and Injury Management and Recovery: A Professional Perspective
type: item
description: A frequent and prevalent issue in pain and injury rehabilitation settings is the under-dosing and underutilization of exercise- and strength-based intervention methods designed for long-term improvements. Currently, rehabilitation settings rely on non-evidence-based, passive modalities, low dosage of exercise, and minimal use of progressive overload principles. Moreover, these therapeutic rehabilitation settings neglect the evidence regarding the benefit of strength interventions on populations spanning from: high performing athletes, older women with sarcopenia, individuals with chronic low back pain, and individuals with cerebral palsy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Strength Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Injury Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Katie Dabrowski
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Katie Dabrowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-06
publication date: 2022-06-06
doi: 10.53520/rdts2022.10543